Saturday, 26 March 2016

HTML Meta tags

HTML Meta Tags



HTML lets you specify metadata - additional important information about a document in a variety of ways. The META elements can be used to include name/value pairs describing properties of the HTML document, such as author, expiry date, a list of keywords, document author etc.

The <meta> tag is used to provide such additional information. This tag is an empty element and so does not have a closing tag but it carries information within its attributes.

You can include one or more meta tags in your document based on what information you want to keep in your document but in general, meta tags do not impact physical appearance of the document so from appearance point of view, it does not matter if you include them or not.

Adding Meta Tags to Your Documents

You can add metadata to your web pages by placing <meta> tags inside the header of the document which is represented by <head> and </head> tags. A meta tag can have following attributes in addition to core attributes:

 Attribute           Description
Name                  Name for the property. Can be anything. Examples include, keywords, description,                               author, revised, generator etc.

content               Specifies the property's value.

scheme               Specifies a scheme to interpret the property's value (as declared in the content                                      attribute).

http-equiv           Used for http response message headers. For example http-equiv can be used to                                     refresh the page or to set a cookie. Values include content-type, expires, refresh and                             set-cookie.


Specifying Keywords
You can use <meta> tag to specify important keywords related to the document and later these keywords are used by the search engines while indexing your webpage for searching purpose.

Example

Following is an example where we are adding HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata as important keywords about the document.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Hello HTML5!

Document Description
You can use <meta> tag to give a short description about the document. This again can be used by various search engines while indexing your webpage for searching purpose.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>

Document Revision Date
You can use <meta> tag to give information about when last time the document was updated. This information can be used by various web browsers while refreshing your webpage.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta name="revised" content="Tutorialspoint, 3/7/2014" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>

Document Refreshing
A <meta> tag can be used to specify a duration after which your web page will keep refreshing automatically.

Example

If you want your page keep refreshing after every 5 seconds then use the following syntax.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta name="revised" content="Tutorialspoint, 3/7/2014" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>

Page Redirection
You can use <meta> tag to redirect your page to any other webpage. You can also specify a duration if you want to redirect the page after a certain number of seconds.

Example

Following is an example of redirecting current page to another page after 5 seconds. If you want to redirect page immediately then do not specify content attribute.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta name="revised" content="Tutorialspoint, 3/7/2014" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5" url=http://www.tutorialspoint.com" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>

Setting Cookies
Cookies are data, stored in small text files on your computer and it is exchanged between web browser and web server to keep track of various infromation based on your web application need.

You can use <meta> tag to store cookies on client side and later this information can be used by the Web Server to track a site visitor.

Example

Following is an example of redirecting current page to another page after 5 seconds. If you want to redirect page immediately then do not specify content attribute.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta name="revised" content="Tutorialspoint, 3/7/2014" />
<meta http-equiv="cookie" content="userid=xyz; expires=Wednesday, 08-Aug-15 23:59:59 GMT;" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>
If you do not include the expiration date and time, the cookie is considered a session cookie and will be deleted when the user exits the browser.

Note: You can check PHP and Cookies tutorial for a complete detail on Cookies.
Setting Author Name

You can set an author name in a web page using meta tag. See an example below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta ame="author" content="Mahnaz Mohtashim" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>

Specify Character Set
You can use <meta> tag to specify character set used within the webpage.

Example

By default, Web servers and Web browsers use ISO-8859-1 (Latin1) encoding to process Web pages. Following is an example to set UTF-8 encoding:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta ame="author" content="Mahnaz Mohtashim" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>
To serve the static page with traditional Chinese characters, the webpage must contain a <meta> tag to set Big5 encoding:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Meta Tags Example</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, Meta Tags, Metadata" />
<meta name="description" content="Learning about Meta Tags." />
<meta ame="author" content="Mahnaz Mohtashim" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Big5" />
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello HTML5!</p>
</body>
</html>
Posted by at No comments:

HTML Phrase Tags

HTML Phrase Tags



The phrase tags have been designed for specific purposes, though they are displayed in a similar way as other basic tags like <b>, <i>, <pre>, and <tt>, you have seen in previous chapter. This chapter will take you through all the important phrase tags, so let's start seeing them one by one.

Emphasized Text

Anything that appears within <em>...</em> element is displayed as emphasized text.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Emphasized Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <em>emphasized</em> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a emphasized typeface.

Marked Text

Anything that appears with-in <mark>...</mark> element, is displayed as marked with yellow ink.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Marked Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word has been <mark>marked</mark> with yellow</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
The following word has been marked with yellow.

Strong Text

Anything that appears within <strong>...</strong> element is displayed as important text.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Strong Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <strong>strong</strong> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
The following word uses a strong typeface.

Text Abbreviation

You can abbreviate a text by putting it inside opening <abbr> and closing </abbr> tags. If present, the title attribute must contain this full description and nothing else.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Abbreviation</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>My best friend's name is  <abbr title="Abhishek">Abhy</abbr>.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
My best friend's name is Abhy.

Acronym Element

The <acronym> element allows you to indicate that the text between <acronym> and </acronym> tags is an acronym.

At present, the major browsers do not change the appearance of the content of the <acronym> element.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Acronym Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This chapter covers marking up text in <acronym>XHTML</acronym>.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This chapter covers marking up text in XHTML.

Text Direction

The <bdo>...</bdo> element stands for Bi-Directional Override and it is used to override the current text direction.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Direction Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This text will go left to right.</p>
<p><bdo dir="rtl">This text will go right to left.</bdo></p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This text will go left to right.

 This text will go right to left.

Special Terms

The <dfn>...</dfn> element (or HTML Definition Element) allows you to specify that you are introducing a special term. It's usage is similar to italic words in the midst of a paragraph.

Typically, you would use the <dfn> element the first time you introduce a key term. Most recent browsers render the content of a <dfn> element in an italic font.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Special Terms Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word is a <dfn>special</dfn> term.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word is a special term.

Quoting Text

When you want to quote a passage from another source, you should put it in between <blockquote>...</blockquote> tags.

Text inside a <blockquote> element is usually indented from the left and right edges of the surrounding text, and sometimes uses an italicized font.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Blockquote Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following description of XHTML is taken from the W3C Web site:</p>

 <blockquote>XHTML 1.0 is the W3C's first Recommendation for XHTML, following on from earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2 and HTML 2.0.</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following description of XHTML is taken from the W3C Web site:

XHTML 1.0 is the W3C's first Recommendation for XHTML, following on from earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2 and HTML 2.0.

Short Quotations
The <q>...</q> element is used when you want to add a double quote within a sentence.

Example

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Double Quote Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Amit is in Spain, <q>I think I am wrong</q>.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Amit is in Spain, I think I am wrong.

Text Citations
If you are quoting a text, you can indicate the source placing it between an opening <cite> tag and closing </cite> tag

As you would expect in a print publication, the content of the <cite> element is rendered in italicized text by default.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Citations Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This HTML tutorial is derived from <cite>W3 Standard for HTML</cite>.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This HTML tutorial is derived from W3 Standard for HTML.

Computer Code
Any programming code to appear on a Web page should be placed inside <code>...</code> tags. Usually the content of the <code> element is presented in a monospaced font, just like the code in most programming books.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Computer Code Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Regular text. <code>This is code.</code> Regular text.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Regular text. This is code. Regular text.

Keyboard Text
When you are talking about computers, if you want to tell a reader to enter some text, you can use the <kbd>...</kbd> element to indicate what should be typed in, as in this example.

Example

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Keyboard Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Regular text. <kbd>This is inside kbd element</kbd> Regular text.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Regular text. This is inside kbd element Regular text.

Programming Variables
This element is usually used in conjunction with the <pre> and <code> elements to indicate that the content of that element is a variable.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Variable Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p><code>document.write("<var>user-name</var>")</code></p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 document.write("user-name")

Program Output
The <samp>...</samp> element indicates sample output from a program, and script etc. Again, it is mainly used when documenting programming or coding concepts.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Program Output Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Result produced by the program is <samp>Hello World!</samp></p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Result produced by the program is Hello World!

Address Text
The <address>...</address> element is used to contain any address.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Address Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<address>388A, Road No 22, MG Hills -  Pune</address>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 388A, Road No 22, MG Hills - Pune
Posted by at No comments:

HTML Formatting

HTML Formatting



If you use a word processor, you must be familiar with the ability to make text bold, italicized, or underlined; these are just three of the ten options available to indicate how text can appear in HTML and XHTML.

Bold Text

Anything that appears within <b>...</b> element, is displayed in bold as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bold Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <b>bold</b> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a bold typeface.

Italic Text

Anything that appears within <i>...</i> element is displayed in italicized as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Italic Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <i>italicized</i> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a italicized typeface.

Underlined Text

Anything that appears within <u>...</u> element, is displayed with underline as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Underlined Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <u>underlined</u> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a underlined typeface.

Strike Text

Anything that appears within <strike>...</strike> element is displayed with strikethrough, which is a thin line through the text as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Strike Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <strike>strikethrough</strike> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a strikethrough typeface.

Monospaced Font

The content of a <tt>...</tt> element is written in monospaced font. Most of the fonts are known as variable-width fonts because different letters are of different widths (for example, the letter 'm' is wider than the letter 'i'). In a monospaced font, however, each letter has the same width.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Monospaced Font Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <tt>monospaced</tt> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a monospaced typeface.

Superscript Text

The content of a <sup>...</sup> element is written in superscript; the font size used is the same size as the characters surrounding it but is displayed half a character's height above the other characters.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Superscript Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <sup>superscript</sup> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a superscript typeface.

Subscript Text

The content of a <sub>...</sub> element is written in subscript; the font size used is the same as the characters surrounding it, but is displayed half a character's height beneath the other characters.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Subscript Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <sub>subscript</sub> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a subscript typeface.

Inserted Text

Anything that appears within <ins>...</ins> element is displayed as inserted text.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Inserted Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>I want to drink <del>cola</del> <ins>wine</ins></p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 I want to drink cola wine

Deleted Text

Anything that appears within <del>...</del> element, is displayed as deleted text.

Example

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Deleted Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>I want to drink <del>cola</del> <ins>wine</ins></p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 I want to drink cola wine

Larger Text

The content of the <big>...</big> element is displayed one font size larger than the rest of the text surrounding it as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Larger Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <big>big</big> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a big typeface.

Smaller Text

The content of the <small>...</small> element is displayed one font size smaller than the rest of the text surrounding it as shown below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Smaller Text Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The following word uses a <small>small</small> typeface.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 The following word uses a small typeface.

Grouping Content

The <div> and <span> elements allow you to group together several elements to create sections or subsections of a page.

For example, you might want to put all of the footnotes on a page within a <div> element to indicate that all of the elements within that <div> element relate to the footnotes. You might then attach a style to this <div> element so that they appear using a special set of style rules.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Div Tag Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="menu" align="middle" >
<a href="/index.htm">HOME</a> |
<a href="/about/contact_us.htm">CONTACT</a> |
<a href="/about/index.htm">ABOUT</a>
</div>

 <div id="content" align="left" bgcolor="white">
<h5>Content Articles</h5>
<p>Actual content goes here.....</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 HOME | CONTACT | ABOUT

Content Articles
Actual content goes here.....
The <span> element, on the other hand, can be used to group inline elements only. So, if you have a part of a sentence or paragraph which you want to group together, you could use the <span> element as follows

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Span Tag Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is the example of <span style="color:green">span tag</span> and the <span style="color:red">div tag</span> alongwith CSS</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This is the example of span tag and the div tag alongwith CSS

Posted by at No comments:

HTML Attributes

HTML Attributes



We have seen few HTML tags and their usage like heading tags <h1>, <h2>, paragraph tag <p> and other tags. We used them so far in their simplest form, but most of the HTML tags can also have attributes, which are extra bits of information.

An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an HTML element and is placed inside the element's opening tag. All attributes are made up of two parts: a name and a value:


  • The name is the property you want to set. For example, the paragraph <p> element in the example carries an attribute whose name is align, which you can use to indicate the alignment of paragraph on the page.
  • The value is what you want the value of the property to be set and always put within quotations. The below example shows three possible values of align attribute: left, center and right.
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Align Attribute  Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="left">This is left aligned</p>
<p align="center">This is center aligned</p>
<p align="right">This is right aligned</p>
</body>
</html>
This will display following result:

 This is left aligned

 This is center aligned

 This is right aligned

Core Attributes
The four core attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML elements (although not all) are:

  • id
  • title
  • class
  • style

The id Attribute

The id attribute of an HTML tag can be used to uniquely identify any element within an HTML page. There are two primary reasons that you might want to use an id attribute on an element:


  • If an element carries an id attribute as a unique identifier it is possible to identify just that element and its content.
  • If you have two elements of the same name within a Web page (or style sheet), you can use the id attribute to distinguish between elements that have the same name.
We will discuss style sheet in separate tutorial. For now, let's use the id attribute to distinguish between two paragraph elements as shown below.

Example

 <p id="html">This para explains what is HTML</p>

 <p id="css">This para explains what is Cascading Style Sheet</p>

The title Attribute

The title attribute gives a suggested title for the element. The syntax for the title attribute is similar as explained for id attribute:

The behavior of this attribute will depend upon the element that carries it, although it is often displayed as a tooltip when cursor comes over the element or while the element is loading.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>The title Attribute Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3 title="Hello HTML!">Titled Heading Tag Example</h3>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 Titled Heading Tag Example

Now try to bring your cursor over "Titled Heading Tag Example" and you will see that whatever title you used in your code is coming out as a tooltip of the cursor.

The class Attribute

The class attribute is used to associate an element with a style sheet, and specifies the class of element. You will learn more about the use of the class attribute when you will learn Cascading Style Sheet (CSS). So for now you can avoid it.

The value of the attribute may also be a space-separated list of class names.
 For example:

 class="className1 className2 className3"

The style Attribute

The style attribute allows you to specify Casecading Style Sheet (CSS) rules within the element.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>The style Attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="font-family:arial; color:#FF0000;">Some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
Some text...

At this point of time, we are not learning CSS, so just let's proceed without bothering much about CSS. Here you need to understand what are HTML attributes and how they can be used while formatting content.

Internationalization Attributes
There are three internationalization attributes, which are available for most (although not all) XHTML elements.

  • dir
  • lang
  • xml:lang


The dir Attribute
The dir attribute allows you to indicate to the browser the direction in which the text should flow. The dir attribute can take one of two values, as you can see in the table that follows:

 Value    Meaning
ltr         Left to right (the default value)
rtl         Right to left (for languages such as Hebrew or Arabic that are read right to left)

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="rtl">
<head>
<title>Display Directions</title>
</head>
<body>
This is how IE 5 renders right-to-left directed text.
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This is how IE 5 renders right-to-left directed text.

When dir attribute is used within the <html> tag, it determines how text will be presented within the entire document. When used within another tag, it controls the text's direction for just the content of that tag.

The lang Attribute

The lang attribute allows you to indicate the main language used in a document, but this attribute was kept in HTML only for backwards compatibility with earlier versions of HTML. This attribute has been replaced by the xml:lang attribute in new XHTML documents.

The values of the lang attribute are ISO-639 standard two-character language codes. Check HTML 

Language Codes: ISO 639 for a complete list of language codes.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>English Language Page</title>
</head>
<body>
This page is using English Language
</body>
</html>

The xml:lang Attribute

The xml:lang attribute is the XHTML replacement for the lang attribute. The value of the xml:lang attribute should be an ISO-639 country code as mentioned in previous section.

Generic Attributes

Here's a table of some other attributes that are readily usable with many of the HTML tags.

Attribute       Options                                           Function
Align              right, left, center                              Horizontally aligns tags
Valign             top, middle, bottom                         Vertically aligns tags within an HTML element.
Bgcolor          numeric, hexidecimal, RGB values   Places a background color behind an element
Background     URL                                                 Places a background image behind an element
Id                     User Defined                            Names an element for use with Cascading Style Sheets.
class                 User Defined                       Classifies an element for use with Cascading Style Sheets.
width               Numeric Value                               Specifies the width of tables, images, or table cells.
height              Numeric Value                              Specifies the height of tables, images, or table cells.
title                  User Defined                                 "Pop-up" title of the elements.

We will see related examples as we will proceed to study other HTML tags. For a complete list of HTML Tags and related attributes please check reference to HTML Tags List
Posted by at No comments:

HTML Elements

HTML Elements



An HTML element is defined by a starting tag. If the element contains other content, it ends with a closing tag, where the element name is preceded by a forward slash as shown below with few tags:
Start Tag
Content
End Tag
<p>
This is paragraph content.
</p>
<h1>
This is heading content.
</h1>
<div>
This is division content.
</div>
<br />
So here <p>....</p> is an HTML element, <h1>...</h1> is another HTML element. 

There are some HTML elements which don't need to be closed, such as <img.../>, <hr /> and <br /> elements. These are known as void elements.

HTML documents consist of a tree of these elements and they specify how HTML documents should be built, and what kind of content should be placed in what part of an HTML document.

HTML Tag vs. Element

An HTML element is defined by a starting tag. If the element contains other content, it ends with a closing tag.

For example <p> is starting tag of a paragraph and </p> is closing tag of the same paragraph but <p>This is paragraph</p> is a paragraph element.

 Nested HTML Elements

It is very much allowed to keep one HTML element inside another HTML element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nested Elements Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is <i>italic</i> heading</h1>
<p>This is <u>underlined</u> paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
This will display following result:

 This is italic heading

 This is underlined paragraph
Posted by at No comments:

HTML Basic Tags

HTML Basic Tags



Heading Tags
Any document starts with a heading. You can use different sizes for your headings. HTML also has six levels of headings, which use the elements <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, and <h6>. While displaying any heading, browser adds one line before and one line after that heading.

 Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

Paragraph Tag
The <p> tag offers a way to structure your text into different paragraphs. Each paragraph of text should go in between an opening <p> and a closing </p> tag as shown below in the example:

 Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraph Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is a first paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here is a second paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here is a third paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

 Here is a first paragraph of text.

 Here is a second paragraph of text.

 Here is a third paragraph of text.

Line Break Tag:

Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything following it starts from the next line. This tag is an example of an empty element, where you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
The <br /> tag has a space between the characters br and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble rendering the line break, while if you miss the forward slash character and just use <br> it is not valid in XHTML

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Line Break  Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello<br />
You delivered your assignment ontime.<br />
Thanks<br />
Mahnaz</p>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

 Hello
You delivered your assignment ontime.
Thanks
Mahnaz

Centering Content:

You can use <center> tag to put any content in the center of the page or any table cell.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Centring Content Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This text is not in the center.</p>
<center>
<p>This text is in the center.</p>
</center>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This text is not in the center.

 This text is in the center.

Horizontal Lines:

Horizontal lines are used to visually break up sections of a document. The <hr> tag creates a line from the current position in the document to the right margin and breaks the line accordingly.
For example you may want to give a line between two paragraphs as in the given example below:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Horizontal Line Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is paragraph one and should be on top</p>
<hr />
<p>This is paragraph two and should be at bottom</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

 This is paragraph one and should be on top

 This is paragraph two and should be at bottom

Again <hr /> tag is an example of the empty element, where you do not need opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.

The <hr /> element has a space between the characters hr and the forward slash. If you omit this space, older browsers will have trouble rendering the horizontak line, while if you miss the forward slash character and just use <hr> it is not valid in XHTML

Preserve Formatting:

Sometimes you want your text to follow the exact format of how it is written in the HTML document. In those cases, you can use the preformatted tag <pre>.
Any text between the opening <pre> tag and the closing </pre> tag will preserve the formatting of the source document.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Preserve Formatting Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
function testFunction( strText ){
   alert (strText)
}
</pre>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:

function testFunction( strText ){
   alert (strText)
}
Try using same code without keeping it inside <pre>...</pre> tags

Nonbreaking Spaces:

Suppose you want to use the phrase "12 Angry Men." Here you would not want a browser to split the "12, Angry" and "Men" across two lines:

 An example of this technique appears in the movie "12 Angry Men."
In cases where you do not want the client browser to break text, you should use a nonbreaking space entity &nbsp; instead of a normal space. For example, when coding the "12 Angry Men" in a paragraph, you should use something similar to the following code:

 Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nonbreaking Spaces Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>An example of this technique appears in the movie "12&nbsp;Angry&nbsp;Men."</p>
</body>
</html>
Posted by at No comments:

HTML intro

HTML Overview



HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely used language to write Web Pages.
  • Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked together. Thus the link available on a webpage are called Hypertext.
  • As its name suggests, HTML is a Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers.

Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available in HTML language.

Basic HTML Document



In its simplest form, following is an example of an HTML document:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is document title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>Document content goes here.....</p>
</body>
</html>

Either you can use Try it option available at the top right corner of the code box to check the result of this HTML code, or let's save it in an HTML file test.htm using your favorite text editor. Finally open it using a web browser like Internet Explorer or Google Chrome, or Firefox etc. 

It must show the following output:

HTML Tags

As told earlier, HTML is a markup language and makes use of various tags to format the content. These tags are enclosed within angle braces <Tag Name>. Except few tags, most of the tags have their corresponding closing tags. For example <html> has its closing tag </html> and <body> tag has its closing tag </body> tag etc.

Above example of HTML document uses folloiwng tags:

Tag
Description

<!DOCTYPE...>
This tag defines the document type and HTML version.
<html>
This tag encloses the complete HTML document and mainly comprises of document header which is represented by <head>...</head> and document body which is represented by <body>...</body> tags.
<head>
This tag represents the document's header which can keep other HTML tags like <title>, <link> etc.
<title>
The <title> tag is used inside the <head> tag to mention the document title.
<body>
This tag represents the document's body which keeps other HTML tags like <h1>, <div>, <p> etc.
<h1>
This tag represents the heading.
<p>
This tag represents a paragraph.



To learn HTML, you will need to study various tags and understand how do they behave while formatting a textual document. Learning HTML is simple as users have to learn the usage of different tags in order to format the text or images to make a beautiful webpage.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends to use lowercase tags starting from HTML 4.

 HTML Document Structure

A typical HTML document will have following structure:

Document declaration tag
<html>
   <head>
       Document header related tags
   </head>

    <body>
       Document body related tags
   </body>
</html>
We will study all the header and body tags in subsequent chapters, for now let's see what is document declaration tag.

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration tag is used by the web browser to understand the version of the 

HTML used in the document. Current version of HTML is 5 and it makes use of the following declaration:
<!DOCTYPE html>

There are many other declaration types which can be used in HTML document depending on what version of HTML is being used. We will see more details on this while discussing <!DOCTYPE...> tag along with other HTML tags.
Posted by at No comments:

HTML Home

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the most widely used language on Web to develop web pages.

HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was published in 2012

Posted by at No comments:
Labels: , ,

HTML Resources

HTML Useful Resources

If you are interested to list down your site here then contact at contact@tutorialspoint.com

Websites on HTML Technologies

HTML 4.01 Specification - Official website of HTML 4.01 Specification.
HTML5 - A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML
Domain Names - Details of the domain system and protocol.
ECMAScript Language Specification - This Standard defines the ECMAScript scripting language.
Cascading Style Sheets Level 2.1 - This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision 1 (CSS 2.1).
Introduction to CSS3 - This document lists all the modules to be contained in the future CSS3 specification.
Books on HTML Technologies

·         Head First HTML and CSS
·         HTML. XHTML and CSS for Dummies
·         HTML5: The Missing Manual
·         HTML Made Easy
·         The Definitive Guide to HTML5
·         HTML5 Pocket Reference

Posted by at No comments:

HTML Guide

HTML Quick Reference Guide

This page is having a quick review of all the HTML tags discussed in this tutorial. If you need to know in detail about any tag then refer to HTML Tag List chapter.

HTML Basic Syntax:

HTML Element names and attribute names are not case sensitive.
HTML Documents start with a <!doctype...> statement, followed by a header and a text body all enclosed in <html>...</html>.
HTML Header is enclosed in <head>....</head> tags.
HTML Body is enclosed in <body>....</body> tags.
HTML Comments are written as <!-- A comment -->.
HTML Basic Document:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Document Title like HTML Tutorial</title>
</head>
 
<body>
   Document Text with other tags will come here.
</body>
 
</html>
Header elements:

<head> - Opening tag for the head of the document. The following optional tags can be placed inside the head.
<title>...</title> -Document title (not part of the text), recommended maximum length 64 characters.
<link ...> - Relationships for the document as a whole: common attributes are rel, rev, href.
<base href="url"> - Specifies the base URL of the document. This is used when dereferencing relative URLs in the page.
<base href="url" target="..."> - Specifies the base URL of the document. This is used when dereferencing relative URLs in the page. Also specifies the base target frame that all links will default to.
<meta ...> - Embed meta-information as if given by the server: attributes http-equiv, name, content.
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="N" > - Same page will be reloaded automatically after N seconds.
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="N" url="http://www.example.com> - Same other page will refresh automatically after N seconds.
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="Wed, 08 Aug 2007 01:21:00 GMT" > - Specifies an expiration date for the page so that it will be reloaded after a certain date.
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2,..." > - Specifies various keywords available on the page and to be used by the search engine.
<meta http-equiv="description" content="A short description of the site" > - Specifies small description of the page and to be used by the search engine.
<style type="text/css" href="URL" /> - Specifies a CSS file to be used for the web page.
<script type="text/scripttype" href="URL" /> - Specifies a Javascript of VBscript file to be used for the web page.
<noscript> ... </noscript> - Encloses anything you want displayed by browsers that do not support inline scripts. This goes inside the <script> tags.
</head> - Closing tag for the head of the document.
Body Elements:

<body>...</body> - Encloses the main body of the document.
<hn>...</hn> - Makes the enclosed text a heading of various sizes where n is any number ranging from 1 to 6, and 1 creates the biggest heading while 6 creates the smallest.
<basefont size="n"> - Sets the default font properties for the entire page.
<isindex attributes> - Displays a text box indicating the presence of a searchable index. Simply adding this tag will not create a searchable page. The server must be set up to support it.
<img src="URL" attributes> - Places an inline image into the document.
<map attributes>...</map> - Specifies a collection of hot spots that define a client-side image map. The <area> tag can be used inside to define the hot spots.
<area attributes>...</area> - Specifies the shape and size of a hot spot to be used in the definition of a client-side image map. Used inside the <map> tag.
<marquee attributes>...</marquee> - Places a scrolling text marquee into the document.
<applet attributes>...</applet> - Inserts a Java applet in the HTML document. Any text placed between the opening and closing <applet> tags will be displayed by browsers that do not support JAVA.
<embed attributes>...</embed> - Inserts an embedded multimedia object, such as a sound file or video, into the page.
<a href="...">...</a> - When used with the HREF attribute, the enclosed text and/or graphic becomes a link to another document or anchor. When used with the NAME attribute, the enclosed text and/or graphic becomes an anchor.
<ol attributes>...</ol> - Puts the enclosed items marked with <li>, in a numbered list.
<ul attributes>...</ul> - Puts the enclosed items marked with <li>, in a bulleted list.
<dl>...</dl> - Creates a definition list. Within this container, <dt> specifies a definition term and <dd> specifies the definition.
Frame Elements:

<frameset attributes>...</frameset> - Defines a set of frames that will make up the page. The <frame>, and <noframes> tags go inside this. The <frameset> tag is used instead of the <body> tag. You can, however, include a <body> tag inside the <noframes> tags for browsers that do not support frames.
<frame attributes /> - Defines a single frame within a frameset.
<iframe attributes>...</iframe> - Defines a floating frame. Does not need to be placed within a frameset.
<noframes>...</noframes> - Placed inside the <frameset>, anything between the beginning and ending of this tag is viewable only by browsers that do not support frames. This tag is used to create pages that are compatible with older browsers that do not support frames.
Table Elements:

<table attributes>...</table> -Creates a table that can include any number of rows.
<caption attributes>...</caption> -Specifies the caption of the table.
<tr attributes>...</tr> - Specifies a table row. It can enclose the table heading and table data.
<th attributes>...</th> - Specifies a table heading.
<td attributes>...</td> - Specifies a table data cell.
<colgroup attributes /> - Specifies the properties of one or more columns. This tag generally goes right after the opening <table> tag.
<col attributes /> - Used with the <colgroup> tag, this specifies the properties of one column. This tag overrides any attributes specified in the <colgroup> tag that comes right before it.
<tbody>...</tbody> - Encloses the body of your table. This tag is optional unless you are using the <thead> or <tfoot> tags. It used to separate the rows in the table from those in the header or footer.
<tfoot>...</tfoot> - Encloses the table rows that are to be used as a footer. It is an optional tag and comes right after the ending <tbody> element.
<thead>...</thead> - Encloses the table rows that are to be used as a header. It is an optional tag and comes before the opening <tbody> element.
Form Elements:

<from attributes>...</from> - Specifies a form. Forms can be used to send user input to the server in the form of NAME/VALUE pairs.
<input attributes /> - Specifies a control or input area for a form, from which a NAME/VALUE pair will be returned to the server. It could be Checkbox, Raidobox, password, text, reset, submit, hidden and image.
<select attributes>...</select> - Creates a drop-down list of items. The list items are defined by the <option> tags placed inside the opening and closing <select> tag.
<option value="..." /> - Specifies an item in the drop down list. Placed within the opening and closing <select> tags. Any text following the <option> tag is what the user will see in the list.
<textarea attributes>...</textarea> - Creates a multi-lined text entry box. Any text placed in between the tags is used as the default text string that is displayed when the page is loaded.
<button attributes>...</button> - allows you to have push buttons on forms that more closely resemble push buttons available in Windows and other applications.
Text Formatting Elements:

<address>.....< /address> - Encloses the signature file of the author of the page. Text is displayed in italics.
<acronym>.....< /acronym> - indicates an acronym in the text.
<b>...< /b> - Boldfaces the enclosed text.
<big>...< /big> - Makes the enclosed text one size larger.
<blink>.....< /blink> - Makes the enclosed text blink continually.
<blockquote>.....< /blockquote> - Encloses a long quote. Both the left and right margins are indented.
<br> - Inserts a line break.
<center>.....< /center> - Centers the enclosed elements.
<cite>.....< /cite> - Encloses a citation such as the title of a book or paper.
<code>.....< /code> - Encloses a sample of code. The text is rendered in small font.
<comment>.....< /comment> - Encloses a comment. Text inside the tags is ignored unless it contains HTML code.
<del>.....< /del> - To mark the document text that has been deleted since a previous version.
<dfn>.....< /dfn> - Encloses a definition. Text inside the tags is formatted to look like a definition.
<div>...< /div> - Specifies the alignment of the enclosed elements. Can be used to divide a document into sections that are aligned differently.
<em>...< /em> - Emphasis on the enclosed text (Italics).
<font attributes>...< /font> - Sets the font properties for the enclosed text.
<fieldset attributes>...< /fieldset> - Allows you can group related form fields, making your form easier to read and use.
<hr attributes /> - Inserts a horizontal line.
<i>...< /i> - The enclosed text is italics.
<ins>...< /ins> - To mark parts of a document that have been added since the document's last version.
<label>...< /label> - Allows you to lable a tag.
<kbd>...< /kbd> - Specifies text to be entered at the keyboard. Text is rendered as bold and fixed-width.
<p attributes>...< /p> - Designates the enclosed text as a plain paragraph.
<q>...</q> - acts much the same as the <blockquote> tag, but applies to shorter quoted sections, ones that don't need paragraph breaks.
<pre>.....< /pre> - Displays text in fixed-width type without collapsing spaces.
<s>.....< /s> - Displays text with a line through it. The <strike> tag does exactly the same.
<samp>...< /samp> - Indicates sample output from a form or program. Text is rendered in small font.
<small>...< /small> - Makes the enclosed text one size smaller.
<spacer attributes>...< /spacer> - Inserts blocks of spaces into HTML documents.
<strong>...< /strong> - Stronger emphasis on the enclosed text.
<sub>...< /sub> - Renders the enclosed text in subscript.
<sup>...< /sup> - Renders the enclosed text in superscript.
<tt>...< /tt> - The enclosed text is typewriter font.
<u>...< /u> - The enclosed text in underlined.
<var>...< /var> - Specifies a variable. Text is rendered in small fixed-width type.
<wbr> - Causes text enclosed by the NOBR tags to wrap only if necessary

Posted by at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)